What does it do? Pyruvate (in the form pyruvic acid) is created in the body during the metabolism of carbohydrates and protein. Pyruvate may aid weight loss efforts.¹ A clinical trial found that pyruvate supplements enhance weight loss and also result in a greater reduction of body fat in overweight adults consuming a low-fat diet compared with placebo.² Animal studies suggest that pyruvate leads to weight loss by increasing the resting metabolic rate.³ A few clinical trials also indicate that pyruvate supplements may improve exercise endurance.^{4 5}

Are there any side effects or interactions? High intakes of pyruvate can trigger gastrointestinal upset, such as gas, bloating, and diarrhea.

At the time of writing, there were no well-known drug interactions with pyruvate.

References:

1. Stanko RT, Tietze DL, and Arch JE. Body composition, energy utilization, and nitrogen metabolism with a 4.25-MJ/d low-energy diet supplemented with pyruvate. Am J Clin Nutr 1992;56(4):630–35.
2. Stanko RT, Reynolds HR, Hoyson R, et al. Pyruvate supplementation of a low-cholesterol, low-fat diet: Effects on plasma lipid concentration and body composition in hyperlipidemic patients. Am J Clin Nutr 1994;59:423–27.
3. Ivy JL, Cortez MY, Chandler RM, et al. Effects of pyruvate on the metabolism and insulin resistance of obese Zucker rats. Am J Clin Nutr 1994;59:331–37.
4. Stanko RT, Robertson RJ, Galbreath RW, et al. Enhanced leg exercise endurance with a high-carbohydrate diet and dihyroxyacetone and pyruvate. J Appl Phys 1990;69(5):1651–56.
5. Stanko RT, Robertson RJ, Spina RJ, et al. Enhancement of arm exercise endurance capacity with dihydroxyacetone and pyruvate. J Appl Phys 1990;68(1):119–24.
6. Deboer LWV, Bekx PA, Han L, et al. Pyruvate enhances recovery of rat hearts after ischemia and reperfusion by preventing free radical generation. Am J Physiol 1993;265:H1571–76.
7. Cicalese L, Subbotin V, Rastellini C, et al. Acute rejection of small bowel allografts in rats: Protection afforded by pyruvate. Trans Proc 1996;28(5):2474.
8. Cicalese L, Lee K, Schraut W, et al. Pyruvate prevents ischemia-reperfusion mucosal injury of rat small intestine. Am J Surg 1996;171:97–101.
9. Stanko RT, Mullick P, Clarke MR, et al. Pyruvate inhibits growth of mammary adenocarcinoma 13762 in rats. Cancer Res 1994;54:1004–1007.

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