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In bodybuilding, the energy output is primarily anaerobic (without oxygen). Lifting weights for 5 to 40 repetitions does not take more than about a minute at the most. This does not mean that training for or competing in bodybuilding contest is easy. Training as a bodybuilder is extremely intensive and grueling. At the highest levels, bodybuilding training forces you to operate at your anaerobic threshold (the point at which you must receive oxygen) for up to an hour.  
On This Page
Energy Sources of Bodybuilders
Where your Energy comes from
Nutrition for Bodybuilders
Dietary Guidelines

Muscle grow when they are stressed. in bodybuilding, the aim is to make the muscle grow as large as possible. therefore, adaptive overload stress must be applied to as many muscle cells - and to as many of each cell's elements - as possible. This calls for specialized training. You must use light weights and heavy weights, do fast movements and slow movements, do a high number of reps and a low number of reps, and everything in between. Because of the incredible diversity of energy output that it demands, bodybuilding requires the support of a carefully constructed nutrition program.

 
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Energy Sources of Bodybuilders
The muscles rely on three major systems to supply the energy they need - the immediate, glycolytic, and oxidative energy systems. For short-term energy for explosive-strength output, the muscles depend on the immediate energy systems. The immediate energy systems are nonoxidative - that is, they do not use oxygen. instead, these systems generate energy through the use of adenosine triposphate (ATP) and creatine phosphate (CP). CP is produced in the body and stored in the muscle fibers. It is broken down by enzymes to regenerate ATP, which is also stored in the muscle fibers. When the ATP is in turn broken down, the result is a spark of energy that triggers a muscle contraction. 

For medium-term energy for repeated near-maximum exertion, the muscles turn to the glycolytic energy systems. in these systems, which are also nonoxidative, glycogen is used to produce energy. Glycogen is the storage form of glucose. It is stored in the liver and muscles, and is readily converted back to glucose when it is needed for energy.

For long-term energy for endurance activities, the muscles use the oxidative energy systems. In these systems, oxygen is used to oxidize long-chain fatty acids, protein, and glucose, which generates energy. For athletes, getting enough oxygen can mean a winning performance rather than a second-place showing.

Every sport involves a variety of skills, and each skill utilizes a unique combination of these three energy sources. The following table lists five different kinds of average weight-training sets and shows how much your body relies on each of the energy sources when you perform them. Percentages are also given for two kinds of average workouts, as well as for an average contest.   

 
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Where Your Energy Comes From
                                       Energy Systems
IMMEDIATE GLYCOLYTIC OXIDATIVE
Average Sets
1-4 reps 90% 10% 0%
5-9 reps 80% 20% 0%
10-19 reps 60% 40% 0%
20-39 reps 50% 50% 0%
40-100 reps 40% 60% 0%
Average Contest 50% 50% 0%
Average Workouts
General 60% 40% 0%
Precontest (final week) 80% 10% 0%

When considering the type of nutritional support to give your training program, keep the following factors in mind:

All athletes need to consume high-quality protein several times a day for effective recovery and adequate repair of damaged muscle tissue.
Athletes whose muscles rely substantially on the immediate or glycolytic energy systems should keep their fat intake to a minimum because fat is not an efficient energy source for their intensive training, which is almost exclusively anaerobic in nature. Since the fat calories consumed by these athletes are not generally used for energy, they are stored as body fat.
All athletes should consume a carefully measured amount of high-quality carbohydrates several times a day to ensure an adequate supply of energy.
The carbohydrates in all preworkout meals should consist of foods with low glycemic indexes to ensure that training intensity does not wane and that muscle tissue is not cannibalized for energy. (click here for glycemic chart).

The aim of your nutrition program is to make your body healthy enough to accomplish recovery and tissue repair speedily and efficiently - without adding body fat. As a bodybuilder, you must also remain in positive calorie balance - that is, for your muscles to grow, you must eat more than your body needs. These aims alone make diet as critical as training for bodybuilders. You must eat just the right amount of food. Eat the wrong foods or the wrong amounts just a few times too often and you will sabotage your fitness efforts. Even more important, do not be in a hurry. It takes years to become a great bodybuilder. Rush the nutrition and training processes and you will become big - but big and fat instead of big and cut!

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Nutrition for Bodybuilders
Bodybuilders are power athletes. Their primary energy sources are the immediate energy systems.  Therefore, as a bodybuilder, you need to plan your nutritional intake, from both food and supplement sources, to support the immediate systems. In addition, since your energy expenditure changes in the off-season, you need to adjust your caloric intake and macronutrient ratio to match. Following are dietary guidelines for bodybuilders to help you in planning your nutrition program.
 
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Dietary Guidelines
The following charts illustrate how you should divide up your caloric intake to match the energy demands of bodybuilding during the pre-season, season, and off-season. They show the target percentages of fat, protein, and carbohydrates that your five to six meals should supply each day.

Target macronutrient ratio for the pre-season and season

Protein 30% Fat 15% Carbs 55%

Target macronutrient ratio for the off-season

Protein 25% Fat 20% Carbs 55%

Note that fat has about 9 calories per gram, while protein and carbohydrates have only 4 calories per gram. Therefore, during the season, if you needed to consume a total of 2,500 calories per day, you would aim for 375 calories (15 percent of your total daily calories) from fat, 750 calories (30 percent of your total daily calories) from protein, and the remaining 1,375 calories (55 percent of your total daily calories) from carbohydrates. Some other important considerations for bodybuilders are:

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Carbohydrates are the major source of energy for short-term activities. Complex carbohydrates are the best source because they most effectively refill the glycogen stores in the muscles and liver. In addition, they elevate the blood sugar to a level sufficient for long sessions of intensive training.
As a power athlete, you must make sure that you consume adequate amounts of both carbohydrates and protein. No matter what the latest trend in diet is. If your energy stores become drastically depleted or you experience lactic-acid buildup, you may suffer temporary muscle fatigue. If you do not refill your glycogen stores before your next workout or contest, your body may begin breaking down muscle tissue for the protein it needs for energy.   
Directly before workouts and contests, consume carbohydrate drinks with high glycemic indexes to keep your blood sugar sustained at an appropriate level. This will allow you to train or compete intensively without having your explosiveness hindered by fatigue. 
As a power athlete, you need to stimulate the storage of glycogen in your muscles while promoting repair and growth of your muscle tissue and inhibiting buildup of body fat. To do this:
Train anaerobically on a regular basic. Intensive training stimulates increased storage of glycogen in the muscles and liver, which provides additional energy for greater exercise capacity.
Consume five to six meals a day. Eating several smaller meals rather than three larger ones will keep your blood-sugar level stable throughout the day and will ensure that a supply of protein is always available for your muscles.
Keep your fat intake to a minimum. Large amounts of fat in your diet will add to your body fat and will cause you to lose minerals through frequent urination.
Consume low-glycemic-index foods about two three hours before workouts and contests. These foods help sustain the blood-sugar level.
Drink plenty of water. Not only will this practice reduce your chances of becoming dehydrated, but every ounce of glycogen that is stored within the muscles needs 3 ounces of water stored along with it. therefore, remaining properly hydrated will also help prevent weakened muscle contractions.

 

bulletSupplementation Guidelines
In addition to eating a proper diet, you should also take dietary supplements to make sure that any nutrients you lose due to sweating or training are replenished. The following tables will help guide you in selecting the supplements appropriate for you. The first table lists the nutrients recommended for bodybuilders, as well as the range of intake for each nutrient. Note that within the ranges of intake, the lower amounts are for smaller individuals and the lower-activity days, while the higher amounts are for larger individuals and higher-activity days. 
Nutrient Range of Intake
Vitamin A 8,000 - 16,000 IU
Beta Carotene 20,000 - 30,000 IU
Vitamin B1 30 - 120 mg
Vitamin B2 30 - 120 mg
Vitamin B3 40 - 80 mg
Vitamin B5 20 - 100 mg
Vitamin B6 20 - 80 mg
Vitamin B12 12 - 120 mcg
Biotin 125 - 175 mcg
Vitamin C 800 - 2,000 mg
Vitamin D 400 - 800 IU
Vitamin E 200 - 600 IU
Vitamin K 60 - 160 mcg.
Boron 2 - 8 mg
Calcium 200 - 500 mcg
Iron 15 - 50 mg
Magnesium 250 - 650 mg
Manganese 12 - 35 mg
Potassium 50 - 1,000 mg
Selenium 100 - 200 mcg
Zinc 15 - 50 mg

Click here for Multi Vitamins for Bodybuilders

AMINO ACIDS

L-Arginine 1,000 - 4,000 mg
L-Ornithine 1,000 - 4,000 mg
L-Glutamine 3,000 - 6,000 mg

FATTY ACIDS

Flax seed 2,000 - 3,000 mg

FAT BURNERS

Choline 500 - 2,000 mg
Inositol 500 - 2,000 mg
L-Carnitine 750 - 2,000 mg

GROWTH FACTORS

Creatine Monohydrate 5,000 - 10,000 mg
Ferulic acid 100 - 200 mg
Vanadyl Sulfate 20 - 60 mg.
Yohimbe 1,000 - 3,000 mg
Inosine 500 - 1500 mg
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