| The many biochemical processes that
make up the body's metabolism can be grouped into two general categories - anabolism and
catabolism. Anabolism is the building up of complex molecules, while catabolism is their
breakdown. To build molecules and sustain life, the body needs energy. It gets this energy
from the breakdown of nutrients such as glucose and fatty
acids. So, for molecular construction to occur, molecular destruction must go on at
the same time to release the energy required to drive the biochemical reactions. When
anabolism exceeds catabolism, net growth occurs. When catabolism excesses anabolism net
loss occurs. Anabolism includes
the chemical reactions that cause different molecules to combine to from larger, more
complex ones. The net result of anabolism is the creation of new cellular material, such
as enzymes, proteins, cells, cell membranes, and
tissues. Anabolism is necessary for growth, maintenance, and tissue repair.
Catabolism includes the chemical reactions that
break down complex molecules into simpler ones for energy production, for recycling of
their molecular components, or for their excretion. If energy is produced, it is stored as
glycogen or fat. Recently, the trend in sports nutrition has been to focus on
anti-catabolic training methods and nutrients. For example, when the muscles are
strenuously trained and the muscle fibers are damaged, cortisol is released at a higher
level, speeding up the breakdown of tissues. Nutrients such as L-Glutamine have been shown to reduce the effects of
cortisol, resulting in reduced tissue breakdown. Antioxidants
and a number of phytochemicals also have anti-catabolic effects, as does high protein and
all around good nutrition. By reducing the rate of catabolism, anabolism is increased,
resulting in faster recovering, a higher level of performance, and an increased growth
rate.
Metabolism includes only the chemical changes that
occur within the tissue cells of the body. It does not include changes to any other
substances, such as foodstuffs going through the digestive tract. The body needs many
nutrients to function optimally. A slight deficiency of even one vitamin can slow
down metabolism and cause chaos throughout the body. The body builds thousands of enzymes
to drive the metabolism in the direction dictated by activity and nutrition. So, if you
generally train several hours a day, you had better make sure that your diet contains the
nutrients it needs to fuel its many metabolic pathways. |
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