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PMS, Cramps, Delayed Menstruation & Heavy Bleeding
What is PMS? Nobody seems to know. In fact, it seems that women in traditional societies don't suffer from it, however it is common among women in industrial societies. This suggests that a large part of the syndrome is culturally mediated and the result of certain lifestyle factors. For example, people in industrial societies suffer from a novel collection of stress-related disorders such as heart disease. Some evidence suggests that stress may also be a factor in PMS. Another hypothesis is that it is related to dietary factors, such as calcium intake.
On This Page
PMS and Cramps
Excessive Bleeding
Delayed Menstruation

Studies suggest that much of the cause of PMS is stress-related. One study examined evidence for perceived stress, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal, and autonomic nervous system involvement in premenstrual symptoms. Women with a low severity premenstrual syndrome, and premenstrual magnification symptom patterns rated perceived stress, turmoil, and fluid retention symptoms for one entire cycle. Daily late afternoon urine samples were assayed for epinephrine, norepinephrine, and cortisol. Only women with a PMS pattern demonstrated perceived stress leading epinephrine levels. Cortisol, epinephrine, and norepinephrine levels led symptoms for all groups with one exception: there was no cross-correlation between epinephrine and turmoil for the PMS group. Perceived stress led both types of symptoms, regardless of group, and symptoms also led stress. The results provide evidence for a unique relationship between epinephrine, perceived stress, and symptoms for women with PMS, and for a reciprocal relationship between stress and symptoms for each of the groups.

Symptoms of PMS include menstrual cramping which can be severe. The cause of PMS and menstrual cramping seems to be a drop in the level of blood calcium. When blood calcium levels drop symptoms include muscle cramps, headaches, body aches, sleeplessness, water retention and depression. In menstruating women, blood calcium levels can begin to fall off about 10 days prior to the start of the menstrual period.

Calcium supplements or naturally occurring calcium in foods and herbs are important ways to prevent PMS. Some foods and herbs that have a good amount of easily assimilated calcium are yogurt, kelp (and other seaweed), sesame seeds (and tahini, which is made from sesame seeds), kale, spinach, parsley, raspberry leaf, comfrey leaf, alfalfa, oat straw, and nettle.

PMS is associated with lactose intolerance according to one recent study, so it is important to obtain calcium from non-dairy sources for some women. Lactose malabsorption is characterized by a deficiency of mucosal lactase. As a consequence, lactose reaches the colon where it is broken down by bacteria to short-chain fatty acids, CO2, and H2. Bloating, cramps, osmotic diarrhea, and other symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome are the consequence and can be seen in about 50% of lactose malabsorbers as can signs of premenstrual syndrome and mental depression. In this study, subjects with lactose malabsorption showed a significantly higher score in the Beck's depression inventory than normal lactose absorbers did. The data thus suggest that lactose malabsorption may play a role in the development of mental depression. In lactose malabsorption high intestinal lactose concentrations may interfere with L-tryptophan metabolism and 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) availability. Lactose malabsorption should be considered in patients with signs of mental depression or PMS.

If raising your intake of calcium still doesn't take care of the cramps you are experiencing, you might add some cramp bark to your "Calcium-Rich Tea" or your "FemininiTea." Cramp bark (Viburnum opulus) is a wonderfully effective uterine relaxant and nervine (it's a good aid to many other types of muscle cramping also). Cramp bark contains valerianic acid (also found in valerian, which is also an excellent nervine) and seems to work particularly well with the reproductive system.

It can also be effective in cases of heavy bleeding or when more than one period is experienced during the month. I have heard wonderful reports from my clients as to its effectiveness. There are no known side effects or toxicities reported even during extended usage of this herb. According to Dr. John Christopher, cramp bark is "possibly the best female regulator-relaxant that we have for the uterus and ovaries." Rosemary Gladstar considers cramp bark "..among my favorite remedies for menstrual cramps."

 
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Excessive Bleeding (Menorrhagia)
Before starting on a regimen of birth control pills, or scheduling a hysterectomy (two very common medical solutions for heavy bleeding), try a natural solution. It just might be the answer you've been looking for.

Though menorrhagia may be caused by other problems (fibroids, cysts, tumors, etc.), there are two systems in the body that seem to have a particularly strong effect on how much bleeding occurs. One is the endocrine system and the other is the liver. The thyroid plays a very important part in the endocrine system, and nourishing and balancing the thyroid should not be ignored.

Again, as with PMS and cramps, you should include good food in your diet. Foods high in vitamins and trace minerals seem to promote good thyroid health. Seaweed is a particularly rich source. Dulse and hijiki are milder tasting than kelp (though kelp is a very good). Dark green leafy vegetables and root vegetables should also be eaten, as well as whole grains (avoid red meats). The "Calcium-Rich Tea" suggested for PMS and cramps is a good choice for menorrhagia, as it is also high in vitamins and minerals, especially iron and B12. Avoid herbs like angelica or dong quai because these herbs can cause bleeding to occur or to be heavier than normal. You should also avoid refined sugar, alcohol, caffeine and nicotine.

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Delayed Menstruation (Amenorrhea)
There are many different reasons for lack of menstruation. Stress can be an enormous contributing factor; inadequate nutrition or excessive exercising can cause a missed period or periods. Eat properly and concentrate on those foods and herbs that nourish the body and help alleviate the stress in your life.

Pamper yourself a bit--there's nothing wrong with indulging in a warm, soothing bath each evening about the time that your menstrual period should begin. Add a little lavender oil perhaps and maybe some Ylang Ylang, burn some candles, play some soothing music, be nice to you! Lavender is an herb known for its soothing and relaxing properties, and Ylang Ylang is a powerful uterine contractor. If possible, be around other women who are menstruating. It's a known fact among women that we seem to cycle together--the pheremones that are released during menstruation seem to trigger a response in other women. Even science has proven this one! Try to establish your own menstrual cycle... if you can't remember when your period last occurred, let the moon be your guide. Observe her cycles and try to integrate your periods with her rhythmic ebb and flow.  An aromatic botanical bath made to nuture and soothe the discomforts of a woman's pre-monthy cycle.  Also See Bath.

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In General
For general menstrual uncomfortableness, PMS symptoms, etc., eat good nourishing food, such as vegetables, whole grains, beans, fruit, eggs, garlic, onions, and foods rich in vitamins C and E (to increase detoxification of the estrogen). Avoid fats. Also avoid cabbage, brussels sprouts, cauliflower and broccoli (they irritate the thyroid and may be sources of exogenous estrogen).  Milk and dairy foods can also be sources of exogenous estrogen and their use should be decreased during this time.
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References
Ledochowski M, Sperner-Unterweger B, Fuchs D Lactose malabsorption is associated with early signs of mental depression in females: a preliminary report. Dig Dis Sci 1998 Nov;43(11):2513-7
Woods NF, Lentz MJ, Mitchell ES, Heitkemper M, Shaver J, Henker R Perceived stress, physiologic stress arousal, and premenstrual symptoms: group differences and intra-individual patterns. Res Nurs Health 1998 Dec;21(6):511-23

These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This web site is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease. 

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